The Bayern Munich winger has earned 88 caps for his country, featuring at six major tournaments since making his debut in 2003.
But Robben has struggled with a number of injury issues in recent years, and last played for the Netherlands in November 2015.
The 32-year-old has scored three goals in six appearances for Bayern this season and international boss Danny Blind has brought him back into the fold with the Netherlands third in Group A of World Cup qualifying.
Stijn Schaars has also returned to the squad, as the Dutch trail France and Sweden by three points with three games played.
Netherlands squad in full:
Goalkeepers: Maarten Stekelenburg (Everton), Michel Vorm (Tottenham)
Defenders: Daley Blind (Manchester United), Jeffrey Bruma (Wolfsburg), Virgil van Dijk (Southampton), Rick Karsdorp (Feyenoord), Terence Kongolo (Feyenoord), Joel Veltman (Ajax), Jetro Willems (PSV)
Midfielders: Jordy Clasie (Southampton), Davy Klaassen (Ajax), Davy Propper (PSV), Bart Ramselaar (PSV), Stijn Schaars (Heerenveen), Wesley Sneijder (Galatasaray), Tonny Vilhena (Feyenoord), Georginio Wijnaldum (Liverpool)
Forwards: Memphis Depay (Manchester United), Bas Dost (Sporting), Vincent Janssen (Tottenham), Luuk de Jong (PSV), Arjen Robben (Bayern Munich)
